INFLUENZA
VACCINE
Why get vaccinated?
fl uenza (“fl u”) is a contagious disease.
fl uenza virus, which can be spread by
coughing, sneezing, or nasal secretions.
Other illnesses can have the same symptoms and are often
mistaken for infl uenza. But only an illness caused by the
infl uenza virus is really infl uenza.
Anyone can get infl uenza, but rates of infection are highest among
children. For most people, it lasts only a few days. It can cause:
• fever • sore throat • chills • fatigue
• cough • headache • muscle aches
Some people, such as infants, elderly, and those with certain
health conditions, can get much sicker. Flu can cause high
fever and pneumonia, and make existing medical conditions
worse. It can cause diarrhea and seizures in children. On
average, 226,000 people are hospitalized every year because of
infl uenza and 36,000 die – mostly elderly. Infl uenza vaccine
can prevent infl uenza.
Who should get inactivated
3
infl uenza vaccine?
There are two types of seasonal in
fl uenza vaccine:
1. Inactivated (killed) vaccine, or the
“fl u shot” is given by injection into
the muscle. 2. Live, attenuated
(weakened) in
fl uenza vaccine is
sprayed into the nostrils. This vaccine
is described in a separate Vaccine Information Statement.
In
fl uenza viruses are always changing. Because of this,
infl uenza vaccines are updated every year, and an annual
vaccination is recommended.
Each year scientists try to match the viruses in the vaccine to
those most likely to cause fl u that year. When there is a close
match the vaccine protects most people from serious infl uenzarelated
illness. But even when there is not a close match, the
vaccine provides some protection. Infl uenza vaccine will not
prevent “in
fl uenza-like” illnesses caused by other viruses.
It takes up to 2 weeks for protection to develop after the shot.
Protection lasts up to a year.
Some inactivated infl uenza vaccine contains a preservative
called thimerosal. Some people have suggested that thimerosal
may be related to developmental problems in children. In 2004
the Institute of Medicine reviewed many studies looking into
this theory and concluded that there is no evidence of such a
relationship. Thimerosal-free infl uenza vaccine is available.
Anyone who wants to
reduce the likelihood of becoming ill
fl uenza or spreading infl uenza to others
.
6 months and older and all older adults:
• All children from 6 months through 18 years of age.
• Anyone 50 years of age or older.
Anyone who is
at risk of complications from infl uenza, or
more likely to require medical care:
• Women who will be
pregnant during infl uenza season.
• Anyone with long-term health problems with:
- heart disease - kidney disease - liver disease
- lung disease - ::::bolic disease, such as diabetes
- asthma - anemia, and other blood disorders
• Anyone with a weakened immune system due to:
- HIV/AIDS or other diseases affecting the immune system
- long-term treatment with drugs such as steroids
- cancer treatment with x-rays or drugs
• Anyone with certain muscle or nerve disorders (such as
seizure disorders or cerebral palsy) that can lead to
breathing or swallowing problems.
• Anyone 6 months through 18 years of age on long-term
aspirin treatment (they could develop Reye Syndrome if
they got infl uenza).
• Residents of nursing homes and other chronic-care
facilities.
Anyone who lives with or cares for people at high risk for
infl uenza-related complications:
•
Health care providers.
• Household contacts and caregivers of children from
birth up to 5 years of age.
• Household contacts and caregivers of
- people 65 years and older, or
- anyone with medical conditions that put them at higher
risk for severe complications from infl uenza.
Health care providers may also recommend a yearly infl uenza
vaccination for:
• People who provide essential community services.
• People living in dormitories, correctional facilities, or
under other crowded conditions, to prevent outbreaks.
• People at high risk of infl uenza complications who travel
to the Southern hemisphere between April and September,
or to the tropics or in organized tourist groups at any time.
Many Vaccine Information Statements are available in Spanish and other languages. See www.immunize.org/vis.
W H A T Y O U N E E D T O K N O W 2009-10
2
Inactivated infl uenza vaccine
fl uenza
vaccines are formulated to
prevent annual fl u. They do
not protect against pandemic
H1N1 infl uenza.
When should I get in
fl uenza
vaccine?
You can get the vaccine as soon as it is available, usually in the
fall, and for as long as illness is occurring in your community.
Infl uenza can occur any time from November through May, but
it most often peaks in January or February. Getting vaccinated
in December, or even later, will still be benefi cial in most years.
Most people need one dose of infl uenza vaccine each year.
Children younger than 9 years of age getting in
fl uenza
vaccine for the fi rst time – or who got infl uenza vaccine for
the fi rst time last season but got only one dose – should get 2
doses, at least 4 weeks apart, to be protected.
Infl uenza vaccine may be given at the same time as other
vaccines, including pneumococcal vaccine.
Some people should talk with a
doctor before getting infl uenza
vaccine
5
Some people should not get inactivated in
fl uenza vaccine or
should wait before getting it.
• Tell your doctor if you have any severe (life-threatening)
allergies. Allergic reactions to infl uenza vaccine are rare.
- Infl uenza vaccine virus is grown in eggs. People with a
severe egg allergy should not get the vaccine.
- A severe allergy to any vaccine component is also a reason
to not get the vaccine.
- If you have had a severe reaction after a previous dose of
infl uenza vaccine, tell your doctor.
• Tell your doctor if you ever had Guillain-Barré Syndrome
(a severe paralytic illness, also called GBS). You may be
able to get the vaccine, but your doctor should help you
make the decision.
• People who are moderately or severely ill should usually wait
until they recover before getting fl u vaccine. If you are ill, talk to
your doctor or nurse about whether to reschedule the vaccination.
People with a mild illness can usually get the vaccine.
Severe problems:
• Life-threatening allergic reactions from vaccines are very
rare. If they do occur, it is usually within a few minutes to a
few hours after the shot.
• In 1976, a type of infl uenza (swine fl u) vaccine was
associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Since
then, fl u vaccines have not been clearly linked to GBS.
However, if there is a risk of GBS from current fl u
vaccines, it would be no more than 1 or 2 cases per million
people vaccinated. This is much lower than the risk of
severe infl uenza, which can be prevented by vaccination.
What if there is a severe
7
reaction
What should I look for?
Any unusual condition, such as a high fever or behavior
changes. Signs of a severe allergic reaction can include
diffi culty breathing, hoarseness or wheezing, hives, paleness,
weakness, a fast heart beat or dizziness.
What should I do?
•
Call a doctor, or get the person to a doctor right away.
• Tell the doctor what happened, the date and time it
happened, and when the vaccination was given.
• Ask your provider to report the reaction by fi ling a
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) form.
Or you can fi le this report through the VAERS website at
www.vaers.hhs.gov, or by calling 1-800-822-7967.
VAERS does not provide medical advice.
9
How can I learn more?
• Ask your provider. They can give you the vaccine package
insert or suggest other sources of information.
• C all your local or state health department.
• Contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC):
- Call 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO) or
- Visit CDC’s website at www.cdc.gov/fl u
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Vaccine Information Statement (Interim)
Inactivated Infl uenza Vaccine (8/11/09) 42 U.S.C. §300aa-26
What are the risks from
6
inactivated infl uenza vaccine?
A vaccine, like any medicine, could possibly cause serious
problems, such as severe allergic reactions. The risk of a
vaccine causing serious harm, or death, is extremely small.
Serious problems from infl uenza vaccine are very rare. The
viruses in inactivated infl uenza vaccine have been killed, so
you cannot get infl uenza from the vaccine.
Mild problems:
• soreness, redness, or swelling where the shot was given
• hoarseness, sore or red eyes, cough, itchiness
• fever • aches
If these problems occur, they usually begin soon after the shot
and last 1-2 days.
The National Vaccine Injury
8
Compensation Program
A federal program exists to help pay for the care of anyone
who has a serious reaction to a vaccine.
For more information about the National Vaccine Injury
Compensation Program, call 1-800-338-2382, or visit their
website at www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation.
